Rent Agreements

E-Stamping for Rent Agreements in India - Complete Guide 2026

Published 14 September 2026 | Updated 15 September 2026 | 9 min read

Last verified: 15 September 2026

Rent agreement execution, stamp duty portal, and Aadhaar eSign research

Tracks Indian rent agreement drafting, state stamp duty portal flows, Aadhaar eSign process, and registration differences across major states.

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Quick answer

e-Stamping is a government-authorised way to pay stamp duty and generate a verifiable certificate. The route varies by state: Karnataka uses Kaveri 2.0 for Digital e-Stamps, while Maharashtra uses its GRAS and IGR Leave & License services. Always use the applicable government portal and treat its issued amount as final.

What is e-stamping?

e-Stamping is a computerised, tamper-proof method of paying stamp duty on documents. Instead of buying physical stamp paper from a licensed vendor, you pay stamp duty through an authorised portal and receive a Unique Identification Number (UIN)-based e-stamp certificate. The certificate is generated by the Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL) or state-authorised agencies and is verifiable online.

Issued with a Unique Identification Number (UIN) — verifiable online
Replaces physical stamp paper in all major states
Cannot be reused or duplicated — tamper-proof
Valid under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899

Difference between stamp paper and e-stamp

Physical stamp paper (also called non-judicial stamp paper) was the traditional method — you bought pre-stamped paper from licensed vendors and wrote the agreement on it. e-Stamp certificates are printed receipts generated online after you pay stamp duty digitally. Both are equally valid legally; e-stamps are more convenient, faster, and immune to counterfeit stamp paper fraud.

Stamp paper: physical pre-stamped paper, purchased in person from vendor
e-Stamp: digital certificate printed after online payment — same legal validity
Franking: bank stamps your document after payment — a third method, less common
Availability and required stamping routes vary by state; verify the current government workflow before execution

What is SHCIL and how to use it?

SHCIL (Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited) is an authorised e-stamping provider used in participating states. You use the applicable SHCIL or state service, pay the government-calculated amount, and receive a verifiable certificate. State-specific portals include GRAS, GARVI, and Karnataka's Kaveri 2.0.

Calculate your stamp duty first

State-wise e-stamp portals for rent agreements

Each state has its own portal or partner agency. Use the correct portal for your state to ensure the e-stamp is valid for your rent agreement.

Maharashtra: igrmaharashtra.gov.in / GRAS — 0.25% of (annual rent + deposit)
Karnataka: Kaveri 2.0 (kaveri.karnataka.gov.in) — select Lease/Rental Agreement; portal amount is final
Gujarat: GARVI (garvi.gujarat.gov.in) — 1.5% of annual rent
Rajasthan: e-GRAS Rajasthan — 1% of annual rent
Tamil Nadu: TNREGINET (tnreginet.gov.in) — 1% of annual rent
Telangana: IGRS Telangana (registration.telangana.gov.in) — 0.5% of rent
UP: IGRSUP (igrsup.gov.in) — 2% of (annual rent + deposit)

Stamp duty calculator | Karnataka e-stamp guide

What is franking for rent agreements?

Franking is an older stamping method where a designated bank or office marks a printed document after payment. Availability varies by state and document type. For Karnataka Lease/Rental Agreements, follow the current Kaveri 2.0 Digital e-Stamp workflow instead of relying on legacy portal or vendor instructions.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is e-stamping legally valid for rent agreements in India?

Yes. e-Stamp certificates are legally valid under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 and the IT Act, 2000. Courts accept e-stamped documents as primary evidence.

Can I use physical stamp paper instead of e-stamp in 2026?

Physical stamp paper is no longer available in most states. e-Stamping via SHCIL or state portals is now the standard method. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu have largely replaced stamp paper with e-stamps.

What happens if I sign a rent agreement without a stamp?

An unstamped rent agreement is inadmissible in court as evidence and can be impounded (seized) by the stamp authority. The party presenting it may be required to pay the full stamp duty plus a penalty of up to 10× the stamp duty.

What is the difference between stamp duty and registration charges?

Stamp duty is a tax on the document, paid to the state government. Registration charges are fees paid to register the document at the sub-registrar's office. They are separate: stamp duty is paid via e-stamp portals; registration is done at the sub-registrar's office. For 11-month agreements, registration is usually optional (except in Maharashtra).

Can I get a stamp duty refund if I cancel my rent agreement?

Yes, but only if the agreement is cancelled before execution (before any party takes possession or pays rent). The application must be made within the time period specified by the state stamp department, typically 6 months. After execution, stamp duty is generally not refundable.

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